Rom 5:4 | RWP | e4.org | Knowing ( ειδοτες ). Second perfect participle of ειδον ( οιδα ), giving the reason for the previous exhortation to glory in tribulations. He gives a linked chain, one linking to the other (tribulation θλιψις , patience υπομονη , experience δοκιμη , hope ελπις ) running into verse . On δοκιμη , see .

‏ Romans 5:4

Knowing ( ειδοτες ). Second perfect participle of ειδον ( οιδα ), giving the reason for the previous exhortation to glory in tribulations. He gives a linked chain, one linking to the other (tribulation θλιψις, patience υπομονη, experience δοκιμη, hope ελπις ) running into verse 5. On δοκιμη, see 2Co 2:9.