Rom 5:3-5 | RWP | e4.org | But let us also rejoice in our tribulations ( αλλα κα καυχωμεθα εν ταις θλιψεσιν ). Present middle subjunctive of same verb as in verse . Καυχωμα is more than "rejoice," rather "glory," "exult." These three volitive subjunctives ( εχωμεν, καυχωμεθα , twice) hold up the high ideal for the Christian after, and because of, his being set right with God. It is one thing to submit to or endure tribulations without complaint, but it is another to find ground of glorying in the midst of them as Paul exhorts here.

‏ Romans 5:3-5

But let us also rejoice in our tribulations ( αλλα κα καυχωμεθα εν ταις θλιψεσιν ). Present middle subjunctive of same verb as in verse 2. Καυχωμα is more than "rejoice," rather "glory," "exult." These three volitive subjunctives ( εχωμεν, καυχωμεθα, twice) hold up the high ideal for the Christian after, and because of, his being set right with God. It is one thing to submit to or endure tribulations without complaint, but it is another to find ground of glorying in the midst of them as Paul exhorts here.

Knowing ( ειδοτες ). Second perfect participle of ειδον ( οιδα ), giving the reason for the previous exhortation to glory in tribulations. He gives a linked chain, one linking to the other (tribulation θλιψις, patience υπομονη, experience δοκιμη, hope ελπις ) running into verse 5. On δοκιμη, see 2Co 2:9.

Hath been shed abroad ( εκκεχυτα ). Perfect passive indicative of εκχεω, to pour out. "Has been poured out" in our hearts.