Joh 20:1-10 | RWP | e4.org | Now on the first day of the week ( τη δε μια των σαββατων ). Locative case of time when. Both Mark ( ) and Luke ( ) have this very idiom of the cardinal τη μια , instead of the usual ordinal τη πρωτη (first), an idiom common in the papyri and in the modern Greek (Robertson, Grammar , p. 671). In all three instances also we have the genitive plural των σαββατων for "the week" as in . The singular σαββατον also occurs for "the week" as in ; . Cometh Mary Magdalene ( Μαρια η Μαγδαληνη ερχετα ). Vivid historical present. Mary Magdalene is not to be confounded with Mary of Bethany. While it was yet dark ( σκοτιας ετ ουσης ). Genitive absolute. For σκοτια see ; . Mark ( ) says the sun was risen on their actual arrival. She started from the house while still dark. Taken away ( ηρμενον ). Perfect passive participle of αιρω , predicate accusative in apposition with τον λιθον .

‏ John 20:1-10

Now on the first day of the week ( τη δε μια των σαββατων ). Locative case of time when. Both Mark (Mr 16:2) and Luke (Lu 24:1) have this very idiom of the cardinal τη μια, instead of the usual ordinal τη πρωτη (first), an idiom common in the papyri and in the modern Greek (Robertson, Grammar, p. 671). In all three instances also we have the genitive plural των σαββατων for "the week" as in Ac 20:7. The singular σαββατον also occurs for "the week" as in Lu 18:12; Mr 16:9.

Cometh Mary Magdalene ( Μαρια η Μαγδαληνη ερχετα ). Vivid historical present. Mary Magdalene is not to be confounded with Mary of Bethany.

While it was yet dark ( σκοτιας ετ ουσης ). Genitive absolute. For σκοτια see Joh 6:17; Mt 10:27. Mark (Mr 16:2) says the sun was risen on their actual arrival. She started from the house while still dark.

Taken away ( ηρμενον ). Perfect passive participle of αιρω, predicate accusative in apposition with τον λιθον.

Runneth ( τρεχε ). Vivid dramatic present indicative of τρεχω. John deals only with Mary Magdalene. She left the tomb at once before the rest and without seeing the angels as told in the Synoptics (Mr 16:2-8; Mt 28:5-8; Lu 24:1-8). Luke (Lu 24:9-12) does not distinguish between the separate report of Mary Magdalene and that of the other women.

To Simon Peter ( προς Σιμωνα Πετρον ). Full name as usual in John and back with John and the other disciples. The association of Peter and the other disciple in Joh 18-21 is like that between Peter and John in Ac 1-5.

Loved ( εφιλε ). Imperfect of φιλεω for which see 5:20; 11:3 and for distinction from αγαπαω see 11:5; 13:23; 21:7, 15, 17.

They have taken away ( ηραν ). First aorist active indicative of αιρω, indefinite plural.

We know not ( ουκ οιδαμεν ). Mary associates the other women with her in her ignorance. For εθηκαν (have laid) see 19:42. Mary fears a grave robbery. She has no idea of the resurrection of Jesus.

They went ( ηρχοντο ). Imperfect middle picturing the scene, "they were going." The two started instantly ( εξηλθεν, aorist active indicative).

They both ( ο δυο ). "The two" (Peter and the other disciple whom Jesus loved).

Ran together ( ετρεχον ομου ). Imperfect active of τρεχω. It was a race in eagerness to reach the tomb of Jesus.

Outran Peter ( προεδραμεν ταχειον του Πετρου ). Second aorist active indicative of προτρεχω, old verb, in N.T. only here and Lu 19:4, to run on before (ahead). "He ran ahead more swiftly (see Joh 13:27) than Peter" (ablative case after comparative adverb ταχειον, Koine for older θασσον ).

First ( πρωτος ). Predicative nominative (not adverb προτον ) and superlative used where only two involved. John won the race.

Stooping and looking in ( παρακυψας ). Originally to stoop and look, but in the LXX (Ge 26:8; Jud 5:28; 1Ki 6:4, etc.) and the papyri rather just to peep in and so Field (Ot. Norv.) urges here. See also verse 11; Lu 24:12 (the verse bracketed by Westcott and Hort). For οθονια (linen cloth) see Joh 19:40.

Lying ( κειμενα ). Present middle participle of κειμα, predicative accusative. John notices this fact at once. If the body had been removed, these clothes would have gone also. John's timid nature made him pause (yet, μεντο, however).

Entered and beholdeth ( εισηλθεν κα θεωρε ). Aorist active and present active indicative. Peter impulsively went on in and beholds ( θεωρε, vivid term again, but of careful notice, θεωρεω, not a mere glance βλεπω such as John gave in verse 5).

The napkin ( το σουδαριον ). Already in 11:44 which see. This napkin for the head was in a separate place.

Rolled up ( εντετυλιγμενον ). Perfect passive participle, predicate accusative like κειμενον, from εντυλισσω, late verb, to wrap in, to roll up, already in Mt 27:59; Lu 23:53. It was arranged in an orderly fashion. There was no haste.

By itself ( χωρις ). Old adverb, "apart," "separately."

Then therefore ( τοτε ουν ). After Peter in time and influenced by the boldness of Peter.

And he saw and believed ( κα ειδεν κα επιστευσεν ). Both aorist active indicative (second and first). Peter saw more after he entered than John did in his first glance, but John saw into the meaning of it all better than Peter. Peter had more sight, John more insight. John was the first to believe that Jesus was risen from the tomb even before he saw him. According to Lu 24:12 Peter went away "wondering" still. The Sinaitic Syriac and 69 and 124 wrongly read here "they believed." John was evidently proud to be able to record this great moment when he believed without seeing in contrast to Thomas (20:29). Peter and John did not see the angels.

For ( γαρ ). Explanatory use of γαρ.

The Scripture ( την γραφην ). Probably Ps 16:10. Jesus had repeatedly foretold his resurrection, but that was all forgotten in the great sorrow on their hearts. Only the chief priests and Pharisees recalled the words of Jesus (Mt 27:62ff.).

Must ( δε ). For this use of δε concerning Christ's death and resurrection see Mr 8:31; Mt 26:54; Lu 9:22; 17:25; 22:37; 24:7, 26, 44; Joh 3:14; 12:34; Ac 1:16. Jesus had put emphasis on both the fact and the necessity of his resurrection which the disciples slowly perceived.

Unto their own home ( προς αυτους ). "To themselves." Luke (Lu 24:12) has προς αυτον about Peter ("to his home"). This use of the reflective pronoun for home (literally, "to themselves"), like the French chez eux, occurs in Josephus (Ant. VII. 4, 6). John had taken the mother of Jesus to his home (19:27) and so he now hurried home to tell her the glorious news as he believed.