1Pe 1:6-8 | RWP | e4.org | Wherein ( εν ω ). This translation refers the relative ω to καιρω , but it is possible to see a reference to Χριστου (verse ) or to θεου (verse ) or even to the entire content of verses . Either makes sense, though possibly καιρω is correct. Ye greatly rejoice ( αγαλλιασθε ). Present middle indicative (rather than imperative) of αγαλλιαομα , late verb from αγαλλομα , to rejoice, only in LXX, N.T., and ecclesiastical literature as in . Now for a little while ( ολιγον αρτ ). Accusative case of time ( ολιγον ) probably as in , though it can be used of space (to a small extent) as in . If need be ( ε δεον ). Present active neuter singular participle of δε (it is necessary). Some MSS. have εστιν after δεον (periphrastic construction). Condition of first class. Though ye have been put to grief ( λυπηθεντες ). First aorist passive participle (concessive circumstantial use) of λυπεω , to make sorrowful (from λυπη , sorrow), old and common verb. See . In manifold temptations ( εν ποικιλοις πειρασμοις ). Just the phrase in , which see for discussion. "Trials" clearly right here as there. Seven N.T. writers use ποικιλος (varied).

‏ 1 Peter 1:6-8

Wherein ( εν ω ). This translation refers the relative ω to καιρω, but it is possible to see a reference to Χριστου (verse 3) or to θεου (verse 5) or even to the entire content of verses 3-5. Either makes sense, though possibly καιρω is correct.

Ye greatly rejoice ( αγαλλιασθε ). Present middle indicative (rather than imperative) of αγαλλιαομα, late verb from αγαλλομα, to rejoice, only in LXX, N.T., and ecclesiastical literature as in Mt 5:12.

Now for a little while ( ολιγον αρτ ). Accusative case of time ( ολιγον ) probably as in Mr 6:31, though it can be used of space (to a small extent) as in Lu 5:3.

If need be ( ε δεον ). Present active neuter singular participle of δε (it is necessary). Some MSS. have εστιν after δεον (periphrastic construction). Condition of first class.

Though ye have been put to grief ( λυπηθεντες ). First aorist passive participle (concessive circumstantial use) of λυπεω, to make sorrowful (from λυπη, sorrow), old and common verb. See 2Co 6:10.

In manifold temptations ( εν ποικιλοις πειρασμοις ). Just the phrase in Jas 1:2, which see for discussion. "Trials" clearly right here as there. Seven N.T. writers use ποικιλος (varied).

The proof of your faith ( το δοκιμιον υμων της πιστεως ). The identical phrase in Jas 1:3 and probably derived from there by Peter. See there for discussion of το δοκιμιον (the test or touchstone of faith).

Being more precious ( πολυτιμοτερον ). No word for "being" ( ον ) in the Greek. The secondary uncials have πολυ τιμιωτερον. The text is the comparative of πολυτιμος, late adjective (Plutarch) from πολυ and τιμη (of great price) as in Mt 13:46.

Than gold ( χρυσιου ). Ablative case after the comparative adjective.

That perisheth ( του απολλυμενου ). Present middle articular participle of απολλυμ to destroy. Even gold perishes (wears away).

Though it is proved by fire ( δια πυρος δε δοκιμαζομενου ). Present passive articular participle (in the ablative like χρυσιου ) of δοκιμαζω (common verb for testing metals) with δε, which gives a concessive sense to the participle. Faith stands the test of fire better than gold, but even gold is refined by fire.

That might be found ( ινα ευρεθη ). Purpose clause with ινα and the first aorist passive subjunctive of ευρισκω, common verb, to find. As in 2Pe 3:14, this is the result of the probation by God as the Refiner of hearts.

Unto praise and glory and honour ( εις επαινον κα δοξαν κα τιμην ). Here probably both to God and man in the result. Cf. Mt 5:11f.; Ro 2:7, 10; 1Ti 1:17.

At the revelation of Jesus Christ ( εν αποκαλυψε Ιησου Χριστου ). So also in 1:13; 4:13; 2Th 1:7; 1Co 1:7; Lu 17:30 of the second coming of Christ as the Judge and Rewarder (Bigg).

Whom ( ον ). Relative referring to Christ just before and accusative case, object of both ιδοντες and αγαπατε (ye love).

Not having seen ( ουκ ιδοντες ). Second aorist active participle of οραω, to see, with ουκ rather than μη because it negatives an actual experience in contrast with μη ορωντες (though not seeing, hypothetical case). On whom ( εις ον ) with πιστευοντες common construction for "believing on" ( πιστευω εις ). It is possible that Peter here has in mind the words of Jesus to Thomas as recorded in Joh 20:29 ("Happy are those not seeing and yet believing"). Peter was present and heard the words of Jesus to Thomas, and so he could use them before John wrote his Gospel.

Ye rejoice greatly ( αγαλλιατε ). Same form as in verse 6, only active here instead of middle.

With joy ( χαρα ). Instrumental case (manner).

Unspeakable ( ανεκλαλητω ). Late and rare double compound verbal (alpha privative and εκλαλεω ), here only in N.T., in Dioscorides and Heliodorus, "unutterable," like Paul's "indescribable" ( ανεκδιηγητος ) gift (2Co 9:15, here alone in N.T.).

Full of glory ( δεδοξασμενη ). Perfect passive participle of δοξαζω, to glorify, "glorified joy," like the glorified face of Moses (Ex 34:29ff.; 2Co 3:10.